The Characters
Baybayin is an abugida — each consonant character carries an inherent /a/ vowel. A small diacritic mark called a kudlit above or below the character changes the vowel to /e·i/ or /o·u/.
Vowels (Patinig)
a
e/i
o/u
Consonants (Katinig)
Classical pre-colonial Baybayin — no final consonants.
ka
ga
nga
ta
da/ra
na
pa
ba
ma
ya
la
wa
sa
ha
The Kudlit Marks
Only the vowel-changing kudlits existed in the classical script.
ᜒKudlit above → E / IPosition: above
ᜓKudlit below → O / UPosition: below